diff --git a/cuda/Dockerfile b/cuda/Dockerfile
index 1b6454c..7921827 100644
--- a/cuda/Dockerfile
+++ b/cuda/Dockerfile
@@ -3,6 +3,39 @@ FROM docker.io/nvidia/cuda:11.8.0-cudnn8-devel-ubuntu22.04
 ARG APT_MIRROR=https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
 ARG ROOT_PASSWD=miao
 
+# install tensorrt in a separate layer
+RUN true \
+    &&  sed -i "s#http://archive.ubuntu.com#${APT_MIRROR}#g" /etc/apt/sources.list \
+    &&  sed -i "s#http://security.ubuntu.com#${APT_MIRROR}#g" /etc/apt/sources.list \
+    \
+    &&  apt update \
+    &&  apt install --yes  tensorrt=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer8=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-plugin8=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-vc-plugin8=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-lean8=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-dispatch8=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvparsers8=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvonnxparsers8=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-bin=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-dev=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-lean-dev=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-plugin-dev=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-vc-plugin-dev=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-dispatch-dev=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvparsers-dev=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvonnxparsers-dev=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-samples=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            \
+            libnvinfer-headers-dev=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-headers-dev=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-headers-dev=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-headers-plugin-dev=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+            libnvinfer-headers-plugin-dev=8.6.1.6-1+cuda11.8 \
+    \
+    &&  apt clean \
+    &&  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
 RUN true \
     &&  env | grep -E -e '^NVIDIA' -e '^NV_' -e '^NVARCH' -e '^NCCL_' | \
             sed -E 's/=(.*)/="\1"/' > \
@@ -12,11 +45,6 @@ RUN true \
     &&  echo "LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64/stubs" >> /etc/profile.d/00-nvidia.sh \
     &&  sed -i 's/^/export /' /etc/profile.d/00-nvidia.sh \
     \
-    &&  sed -i "s#http://archive.ubuntu.com#${APT_MIRROR}#g" /etc/apt/sources.list \
-    &&  sed -i "s#http://security.ubuntu.com#${APT_MIRROR}#g" /etc/apt/sources.list \
-    \
-    &&  echo root:${ROOT_PASSWD} | chpasswd \
-    \
     &&  apt update \
     &&  apt install --yes ssh tini zsh netcat file git locales python3 python3-pip \
     &&  apt clean \